WesPac science advisors weigh in on Am Samoa bottomfish limits and electronic monitoring
Honolulu, HAWAII — The Western Pacific Regional Fisheries Council’s Scientific and Statistical Committee (SSC) this week reviewed options to sustainably fish for American Samoa bottomfish species caught in federal waters 3-200 miles offshore from 2024 to 2026.
In their discussion, SSC members took into account a 2023 NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center bottomfish stock assessment for nine shallow- and deep-water species and an analysis completed in August that quantified the scientific uncertainties in the assessment.
The SSC determined setting individual acceptable biological catch limits for the managed species aligned best with the information in the stock assessment. Members pointed out that choosing an aggregated limit could lead to the same issue that occurred in 2019 when a previous assessment of the bottomfish complex indicated it was overfished and undergoing overfishing.
The SSC also weighed in on accountability measures for the bottomfish fishery. Members agreed in-season monitoring using the creel survey would be challenging due to the data uncertainty. The SSC determined if the fishery does exceed the catch limit, then a post-season overage adjustment based on a three-year average would even out natural fluctuations between fishing years. To compensate for the overage, the Council could then recommend reducing the catch limit for the following time period.
Domingo Ochavillo, American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources representative, noted there is a general declining trend in the bottomfish fishery due to the high cost of operations and lingering impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. “Many highliners have left the fishery—with the high cost of fuel, fish are expensive to eat,” he said.
The SSC also discussed the need for a pre-implementation program for electronic monitoring (EM) in Pacific Island longline fisheries, including the benefits and drawbacks for use in the Hawai‘i deep-set or shallow-set longline fisheries, or the American Samoa longline fishery. The three fisheries have different levels of participation, percentage federal observer coverage and gear setting requirements (day vs. night). Considering these factors, the SSC supported the Council proceeding with a hybrid approach of the Hawai‘i deep-set and shallow-set longline fisheries. Further, the SSC supported the program’s primary goal to be protected species monitoring and estimation, with a secondary goal of monitoring discards.
EM is intended to supplement, not replace, human observer coverage, which is still needed to obtain biological samples at sea, among other on-board duties. EM is expected to become more widespread in the future, especially for tuna fisheries. SSC member Shelton Harley is now the chair of the intersessional working group on electronic reporting and monitoring for the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission. Harley commended the pre-implementation program document and stated that it provides a clear framework to successfully roll out EM in Western Pacific fisheries.